Transphobia in Belgium: Why So Much Hatred and Violence?
Transphobia in Belgium: Why So Much Hatred and Violence?
"There are days when carrying one's own name, living one's identity in broad daylight on the streets of Brussels or Liège, feels like an act of resistance."
There is something profoundly unsettling, almost vertiginous, about observing the rise of anti-trans hatred in Belgium. We like to conceive of our country as a haven of tolerance, a pioneering land where progressive rights are written in letters of gold. Yet, when conversing with activists, listening to the quiet confidences of loved ones, or simply scanning institutional reports whose bulk swells year after year, an icy reality imposes itself: beneath the polished surface of our society, violence lurks. To what does this relentless animosity owe its existence? Whence springs this visceral urge to reject the other under the pretext that they redefine the contours of gender? Herein lies the painful question that troubles us, and to which we must urgently respond.
Belgium, frequently draped in the trappings of a progressive vanguard and a legal liberalism lauded by its peers, paradoxically blazes beneath a recrudescence of transphobic animosities. This antagonism, far from constituting a residual epiphenomenon, calls into question the solidity of our democratic compacts and lays bare the subterranean flaws of a social body in the grip of unprecedented identity-based rigidities.
Not a few express astonishment at such virulence in a state that pioneered institutional inclusion. Yet, the apparent permissiveness of the laws provides no absolute shield against the effervescence of regressive movements. Self-styled "anti-gender" rhetoric, whether imported or homegrown, distills a pernicious doxa that reduces transgender otherness to a societal aberration. As Judith Butler notes in their inquiries into the politics of gender, attacks against transgender identities commonly form part of a broader strategy aimed at undermining foundational democratic achievements regarding the body and individual autonomy (Butler, Gender Trouble, 1990). This enterprise of discursive dehumanization, seconded by complaisant tribunes and the swiftness of socio-digital networks, insidiously normalizes contempt and legitimizes, by rebound, the leap to physical action.
Aggression—whether it assumes a verbal, systemic, or bodily character—finds its breeding ground in the trivialization of online malice. Digital spaces operate as incubators of resentment, where anonymity grants illusory impunity to detractors of gender diversity. On Belgian soil, annual reports published by Unia (the Interfederal Centre for Equal Opportunities) and by the Institute for the Equality of Women and Men (IEFH) systematically document the steady rise in reports of discrimination and assaults anchored in gender identity (IEFH, Rapport annuel discriminations basées sur le genre, 2023-2025).
When such corrosive discourses cross the screen to take hold of the public sphere, they materialize in the guise of lynchings and unheard-of violence. Daily stigmatization—whether manifesting in access to employment, housing rights, or healthcare pathways—confines transgender individuals within a systemic precariousness that exposes them with heightened vulnerability to the arbitrariness of the street, a phenomenon analyzed by sociologist Karine Espineira in her research concerning the precarization of trans bodies (Espineira, La Transphobie : Un essai sur la violence institutionnelle et ordinaire, 2015).
Facing such civilizational regression, sterile indignation remains insufficient. The persistence of such assaults demands a profound reassessment of our empathy-education policies and an inflexible severity on the part of the judicial apparatus regarding infractions fueled by hatred. Restoring the republican pact of an inclusive citizenship entails rejecting the trivialization of sectarianism, so that the promise of equality ceases to be a vain invocation and consolidates as a tangible reality for every individual, regardless of their gender identity.
- Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge, 1990.
- Espineira, Karine. La Transphobie : Un essai sur la violence institutionnelle et ordinaire. L'Harmattan, 2015.
- Institute for the Equality of Women and Men (IEFH). Annual reports and statistics on gender-linked discrimination and violence in Belgium. Official publications of the IEFH, Brussels.
- Unia (Interfederal Centre for Equal Opportunities). Quantified reports and analyses of discrimination in Belgium. Brussels.
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